County Durham case studiesCounty Durham’s Economy as a Business Classroom
Examiners reward students who apply theory to real businesses. The county has clear examples across visitor spending, science parks and council budgets, and we use them in lessons.
Pricing & demandDay visitors and staying visitors
A Durham County Council overview titled County Durham’s Visitor Economy 2024 (undated), using STEAM data for 2023, gave 20.15 million visitors, up 12.5%, of whom 18.54 million (92%) were day visitors and 1.61 million (8%) were staying visitors, spending £1.23bn in all, up 18.8%, and supporting 13,178 full-time-equivalent jobs. Day visitors accounted for £702.54m, 57% of spending, so about £38 a day visit by our arithmetic, leaving about £527m for staying visitors, about £327 a staying visit. The overview’s 2019 comparison figures imply visitor numbers about the same and spending about 29% higher by our arithmetic. It doesn’t say how STEAM estimates spending, and a figure that isn’t adjusted for inflation would overstate real growth.
Why might a staying visitor be worth far more than a day visitor, and what would you want to know before comparing spending across years? Practise this in AO2 Application.
Interpreting numbersA science park plan that changed
The North East Times reported on 17 September 2021 that Durham County Council’s cabinet had backed a £50m extension of NETPark at Sedgefield with up to 270,000 sq ft of laboratory, office, production and storage space and more than 1,200 jobs. Place North East reported on 27 July 2023 that Kier had started a £61m phase three with up to 232,000 sq ft, 1,250 skilled jobs and an initial 17.3 acres, paid for by the council with support from the North East LEP and due to finish by early 2025. By our arithmetic the budget rose 22%, the space fell 14%, and cost a sq ft rose from about £185 to about £263. Neither article says what happened to the tenants or the jobs since, and the two schemes may not cover the same work.
Why might a budget rise while the space falls, and what would you ask before comparing the two plans? Step by step in AO3 Analysis.
Strategy & stakeholdersA tax rise below the cap and no reserves
Business Durham reported on 4 February 2026 that Durham County Council’s plan for 2026 to 2027 would raise council tax by 3.1%, below the 5% maximum the Government assumes, and use no reserves that year. It gave a shortfall of £9.546m for 2026 to 2027, closed by the council tax rise, and £42.448m for the three years after, and total savings of £15.719m over four years, £12.914m of them in 2026 to 2027. The article doesn’t say how the savings and the tax rise together close a £9.546m shortfall, or what the savings are, so it can’t show who bears them. We haven’t checked the final budget.
Should a council raise tax below the cap and make savings rather than use reserves, and who gains or loses? A real judgement for AO4 Evaluation.
Sources: Durham County Council, County Durham’s Visitor Economy 2024 (undated); North East Times, 17 September 2021; Place North East, 27 July 2023; Business Durham, 4 February 2026. The £38, £527m, £327, 29%, 22%, 14%, £185 and £263 figures are our arithmetic. The visitor report is undated and doesn’t say how spending is estimated, the science park articles may not cover the same work, the budget article doesn’t explain how the savings and tax rise close the shortfall, and we haven’t checked outcomes.