West Midlands case studiesThe West Midlands’ Economy as a Business Classroom
Examiners reward students who apply theory to real businesses. The county has clear examples across bus fares, a combined authority’s budget and a debate over franchising its buses, and we use them in lessons.
Pricing & demandWest Midlands bus fares from 28 June 2026
The West Midlands Bus Users group posted on 13 June 2026 operator announcements of fares from 28 June. The adult single cap stays at £3, while the adult day ticket rises from £5.20 to £5.50, 5.8% by our arithmetic, and the one week ticket from £20 to £21, 5.0% by our arithmetic and the same as seven £3 singles. The 4 week ticket rises from £70 to £73, 4.3%, and the monthly direct debit from £64 to £67, 4.7%. Child single fares stay at £1.50, and child tickets cover ages 5 to 18. The average rise across the nBus range is about 4.9%. The source is a user group relaying announcements, not the operators.
Why might operators freeze the single fare while raising day and weekly tickets, and what would you need to know to judge whether it works? Practise this in AO2 Application.
Interpreting numbersThe Combined Authority’s £1.2bn budget
Black Country Radio reported on 16 March 2025 that the West Midlands Combined Authority had approved a 2025/26 budget of £1.2bn, with capital of £684.4m and revenue of nearly £559m. Transport takes £554.9m, 44.6% of the £1,243.4m combined by our arithmetic, though the transport items listed in the report sum to £490.7m, leaving £64.2m not itemised. The budget also includes a £389m Integrated Settlement, £204m for jobs and skills, £67.7m for housing delivery, £37.8m for retrofitting and £5m of operational efficiency savings. This is the 2025/26 budget and we haven’t checked 2026/27.
Why might a budget report list items that don’t add up to the headline, and what would you want to check? Step by step in AO3 Analysis.
Strategy & stakeholdersShould the buses be franchised?
The West Midlands Combined Authority said on 13 December 2024 that it would run a 12-week consultation from 6 January 2025 on franchising buses, after an audit by EY found better value. Transport for West Midlands pays operators about £50m a year to top up services, and the transition would cost £22.5m over three years, £7.5m a year or 15% of £50m by our arithmetic, excluding depots and vehicles. The Express & Star reported on 15 April 2026 that the Board was expected to decide on the full business case in the new financial year, with around £50m a year of subsidy. We haven’t checked the decision.
Should a combined authority take control of bus routes and fares from private operators, and who gains or loses? A real judgement for AO4 Evaluation.
Sources: West Midlands Bus Users, 13 June 2026; Black Country Radio, 16 March 2025; West Midlands Combined Authority, 13 December 2024; Express & Star, 15 April 2026. The 5.8%, 5.0%, 4.3%, 4.7%, 44.6%, £64.2m and 15% figures are our arithmetic. The fares post is a user group relaying announcements, the budget report is for 2025/26, and we haven’t checked the franchising decision.